Industrialisation plays a central role in shaping long-term economic transformation, especially for developing regions like Bihar. This study examines Bihar’s industrial landscape through an integrated analysis of growth trends, enterprise structure, and comparative performance with other Indian states. Using officially reported secondary-sector data, the paper evaluates changes in fixed capital, industrial output, number of factories, structural ratios, and Gross Value Added (GVA). The findings reveal strong improvements in fixed capital formation and industrial output despite a relatively stable number of factories, indicating capital deepening rather than extensive industrial expansion. While Bihar continues to contribute modestly to India’s industrial production, rising productivity indicators and sectoral shifts reflect emerging potential. The paper concludes with policy directions aimed at enhancing industrial competitiveness, enterprise dynamism, and inclusive industrial development.