authors
Khalida Tabassum

abstract
Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in India are pivotal in empowering rural communities, especially women, by fostering financial inclusion, skill development, and livelihood generation. This study examines the comparative roles and functioning of SHGs across different states to highlight regional variations and best practices. States like Andhra Pradesh and Kerala have demonstrated exemplary SHG models through robust government initiatives like the Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty (SERP) and Kudumbashree Mission, emphasizing financial independence, capacity building, and integration with local governance. Tamil Nadu's SHGs excel in micro-enterprise development, supported by NGOs and training programs. Bihar and Rajasthan, under programs like Jeevika and state-led initiatives, focus on financial inclusion and sustainable livelihoods, albeit with slower progress due to weaker institutional frameworks. Key factors influencing SHG success include government support, NGO participation, financial linkages, and socio-economic conditions. Despite notable achievements, challenges such as regional disparities, limited market access, and gender inequality persist. Strengthening market infrastructure, fostering equitable participation, and ensuring program sustainability are critical for maximizing SHG potential across India. This comparative analysis underscores the importance of tailored approaches to address state-specific needs while leveraging successful models to achieve inclusive rural development.