This research aims to study and analyze the reality of sustainable development by measuring and analyzing some of its indicators and examining the state of the Iraqi economy during the study period (2004-2021). The purpose is to identify the positive and negative aspects of sustainable development in the country to strengthen the positive elements and address the negative ones, primarily by diversifying public revenues and reducing reliance on oil revenues characterized by sharp price fluctuations. The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which was the decline in sustainable development indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment rate, total cultivated area, and the number of individuals engaged in research and development during the research period, thereby confirming the validity of the research hypothesis. The study recommended that the Iraqi government seriously combat financial and administrative corruption and eliminate bureaucratic procedures. It also emphasized diversifying national income sources by revitalizing productive sectors and private investment to correct structural imbalances in the production sectors. This would reduce dependency on oil revenues, which are directly linked to global economic fluctuations, and provide new sources to develop sustainable development sectors.